Developed by Paul Anastas and John Warner*, the following list outlines an early conception of what would make a greener chemical, process, or product.
- Prevention
- Atom Economy
- Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses
- Designing Safer Chemicals
- Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries
- Design for Energy Efficiency
- Use of Renewable Feedstocks
- Reduce Derivatives
- Catalysis
- Design for Degradation
- Real-time analysis for Pollution Prevention
- Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention
*Anastas, P. T.; Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press: New York, 1998, p.30. By permission of Oxford University Press.
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Inherent Rather Than Circumstantial
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Prevention Instead of Treatment
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Design for Separation
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Maximize Efficiency
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Output-Pulled Versus Input-Pushed
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Conserve Complexity
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Durability Rather Than Immortality
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Meet Need, Minimize Excess
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Minimize Material Diversity
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Integrate Material and Energy Flows
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Design for Commercial "Afterlife"
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Renewable Rather than Depleting
** Anastas, P.T., and Zimmerman, J.B., "Design through the Twelve Principles
of Green Engineering", Env. Sci.
and Tech., 37, 5, 94A-101A, 2003.
