‘What do old books smell like?‘—Preserving smells as important cultural heritage

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A ‘Historic Book Odour Wheel‘ which has been developed to document and archive the aroma associated with old books, is being presented in a study in the open access journal Heritage Science. Researchers at UCL Institute for Sustainable Heritage created the wheel as part of an experiment in which they asked visitors to St Paul‘s Cathedral‘s Dean and Chapter library in London to characterize its smell.

The visitors most frequently described the aroma of the library as ‘woody‘ (selected by 100% of the visitors who were asked), followed by ‘smoky‘ (86%), ‘earthy‘ (71%) and ‘vanilla‘ (41%). The intensity of the smells was assessed as between ‘strong odor‘ and ‘very strong odor‘. Over 70% of the visitors described the as pleasant, 14% as ‘mildly pleasant‘ and 14% as ‘neutral‘.

In a separate experiment, the researchers presented visitors to the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery with an unlabelled historic book smell – sampled from a 1928 book they obtained from a second-hand bookshop in London – and collected the terms used to describe the smell. The word ‘chocolate‘ – or variations such as ‘cocoa‘ or ‘chocolatey‘ – was used most often, followed by ‘coffee‘, ‘old‘, ‘wood‘ and ‘burnt‘. Participants also mentioned smells including ‘fish‘, ‘body odour‘, ‘rotten socks‘ and ‘mothballs‘

Cecilia Bembibre, heritage scientist at UCL and corresponding author of the study said: “Our odour wheel provides an example of how scientists and historians could begin to identify, analyze and document smells that have cultural significance, such as the aroma of in historic libraries. The role of smells in how we perceive heritage has not been systematically explored until now.”

Attempting to answer the question of whether certain smells could be considered part of our cultural heritage and if so how they could be identified, protected and conserved, the researchers also conducted a chemical analysis of (VOCs) which they sampled from in the library. VOCs are chemicals that evaporate at low temperatures, many of which can be perceived as scents or odors.

Combining their findings from the VOC analysis with the visitors‘ characterizations, the authors created their Historic Book Odour wheel, which shows the chemical description of a smell (such as acetic acid) together with the sensory descriptions provided by the visitors (such as ‘vinegar‘).

Cecilia Bembibre said: “By documenting the words used by the visitors to describe a heritage smell, our study opens a discussion about developing a vocabulary to identify aromas that have cultural meaning and significance.”

She added: “The Historic Book Odour Wheel also has the potential to be used as a diagnostic tool by conservators, informing on the condition of an object, for example its state of decay, through its olfactory profile.”

The authors suggest that, in addition to its use for the identification and conservation of smells, the Historic Book Odour Wheel could potentially be used to recreate smells and aid the design of olfactory experiences in museums, allowing to form a personal connection with exhibits by allowing them to understand what the past smelled like.

Before this can be done, further research is needed to build on the preliminary findings in this study to allow them to inform and benefit heritage management, conservation, visitor experience design and policy making.

More information: Cecilia Bembibre et al, Smell of heritage: a framework for the identification, analysis and archival of historic odours, Heritage Science (2017).

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China shuts 1,300 metal firms since 2016 in soil clean-up

BEIJING/SHANGHAI (Reuters) - China has shut more than 1,300 heavy metal enterprises since 2016 as part of a long-term plan to curb widespread chronic soil pollution, an environment ministry official said on Friday.

FILE PHOTO: A villager and a boy ride on an electric tricycle past the Guantao Chemical Industry Park outside the village of East Luzhuang, Hebei province, China February 23, 2017. REUTERS/Thomas Peter

Soil pollution is one of China’s biggest and most expensive environmental challenges. The last nationwide survey in 2014 showed that around 16% of its land - an area the size of Mongolia - was contaminated to varying degrees by fertilizers and pesticides, heavy metals, plastic and other chemicals.

But Su Kejing, director in charge of soil pollution at the environment ministry, told a Friday briefing he was confident China could meet a target to make around 90% of contaminated farmland safe for agriculture by the end of next year.

The cost of remediating contaminated soil ranges from 500 yuan ($71) to as much as 2,000 yuan per mu (1 mu = 0.67 square metres), putting China’s total bill in the trillions of yuan. Su said the focus, though, would be on tackling risks, rather than cleaning up every single site.

“It is one-sided to think soil pollution prevention and treatment are expensive,” he said. “The priority is preventing the pollution and controlling risks from pollution. Only a small amount of land will really need to be remediated.”

As well as shutting 1,300 firms involved in producing and processing heavy metal, China has also “rectified” nearly 700 enterprises working with cadmium, a major source of pollution in rice, Su said. He also said that converting arable land to less pollution-sensitive crops would also help mitigate risks.

Tackling soil and water pollution is a major part of China’s efforts to boost agricultural productivity. China is trying to squeeze more food out of its farming belts, especially as its urban populations soar.

A 2015 government study estimated that heavy metals had contaminated at least 10 million hectares (25 million acres) of farmland, reducing annual grain production by 10 billion kg (22 billion pounds) a year.

Beijing published a plan in 2016 that set a target of bringing soil pollution under “preliminary control” by 2020 and starting to cut contamination levels by 2030, but financing has been a major challenge.

Although Beijing has set up a fund to help pay for its clean-up projects, with 28 billion yuan made available over the last three years, it has struggled to create incentives and financing mechanisms, especially in old industrial or rural regions where property values are too low to make remediation worthwhile.

“In the next stage we will work with other departments to encourage private capital and enterprises to inject funds into soil remediation,” Su said.

Reporting by Muyu Xu in Beijing and David Stanway in Shanghai; Editing by Tom Hogue

Our Standards:The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Education DECEMBER 4, 2019 11:48 AM AEDT

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Sewer technology passes sniff test

University of Queensland

monitoring technology to identify potential odour and corrosion hotspots in urban sewerage networks has been adopted by ASX-listed environmental management technology firm Envirosuite.

The SeweX technology uses mathematical modelling to predict odour and corrosion hotspots and to optimise mitigation strategies in sewer mains, and was developed by researchers from UQ’s Advanced Water Management Centre.

UQ’s technology transfer company UniQuest negotiated a licence agreement with Envirosuite.

AWMC Director Professor Zhiguo Yuan said the technology was developed in response to needs identified by the water industry.

“Corrosion and odour problems in sewers are most often caused by sulphate-reducing bacteria in sewer biofilms that produce hydrogen sulphide,” Professor Yuan said.

“Hydrogen sulphide is released into the atmosphere above the wastewater, causing odour problems, and is converted by sulphide-oxidising bacteria into sulphuric acid, which is corrosive to concrete sewer pipes.

“Sewer networks can include many kilometres of sewer pipe and various topographical elements, such as rising mains, gravity mains, pumping stations and manholes. It is practically difficult to physically inspect all these structures to identify corrosion issues, making modelling a more efficient and cost-effective alternative.”

Envirosuite Chief Scientist Robin Ormerod said corrosion in sewer and drinking water systems was estimated to cost almost $1 billion every year in Australia.

“This technology will keep towns and cities with reduced odour, and will save wastewater operators millions of dollars every year in operational costs and consumer complaint management,” Mr Ormerod said.

“This partnership is an exciting one. Bringing together tools like the UQ-developed SeweX, with Envirosuite’s digital technology focus, is hugely powerful.”

UniQuest CEO Dr Dean Moss said SeweX incorporated complex algorithms into its model to cleverly predict odour and corrosion hotspots across sewerage networks.

“It is fantastic to see UQ research helping an Australian company like Envirosuite to drive key improvements to the way water utilities manage wastewater to benefit communities right across the country, and even globally,” Dr Moss said.

Envirosuite will integrate SeweX into its product suite in early 2020.

Image: UniQuest project manager Howard Leemon, Envirosuite Chief Scientist and Founder Robin Ormerod, Envirosuite CEO Peter White, UQ’s Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC) Director and lead researcher, Professor Zhiguo Yuan AM, UniQuest Senior Director and Head of Physical Sciences Alister I. W. Morrison, UQ’s AWMC senior research fellow Dr Keshab Sharma and UniQuest Director, Commercialisation – Physical Sciences, Derek Stephens.

/Public Release. View in full here.best odour control

Sydney seniors fed up with apartment building told odour, rodent issues to be fixed

A group of seniors in Sydney, N.S., has been promised that issues with odours and rodents in their government-run apartment building will be addressed in the next few weeks.

The building at 22 Tillock Drive is managed by the Cape Breton Island Housing Authority.

In September, a group of 20 residents complained about rodents and strong smells from old carpets. Several said mice were showing up in their beds and even their toasters.

Staff met with them on a couple of occasions. Last Friday, they met with Sydney-Whitney Pier MLA Derek Mombourquette.

Resident Joe Dithurbide said they told their MLA the problems are continuing.

George Mortimer/CBC

"The smell's been very bad, it's just a stinky smell," said Dithurbide.

As for the mice, he said they made their presence known as recently as a week ago.

"My TV shut down completely," said Dithurbide. "I called people, they were good enough to come in, they went out in the hallway and mice ate my wire, the TV wire, so the mice are still here."

The residents said they are also concerned about a first-floor emergency exit door that's been blocked by snow at times.

Mombourquette said a tender has already gone out for the carpet replacement and he expects the work will begin in early January.

He said a pest control company has also been called in and the emergency exit will be checked.

"There was a list that I took from the meeting, so any request that comes through, we ensure that it gets to housing," said Mombourquette.

'I'll believe it when I see it'

In an email to CBC News, Housing Nova Scotia, which oversees the provincial housing authorities, said staff have met with each tenant individually to discuss their concerns.

Dithurbide said although he appreciates the promise of help, he's not yet counting on anything.

"I'll believe it when I see it," he said.

Home PRESS RELEASE Odour Control System Market Potential Growth, Share, Demand, Analysis of Key Players and Forecasts to 2019-2026

(Global QYResearch via COMTEX) -- The detailed study on the Global Odour Control System Market includes essential insights for investors who are looking to improve their position in the existing and future market scenario. The study extensively analyzes the various factors that are anticipated to influence the direction of the market over the forecast period.

The Global Odour Control System Market report provides a holistic view of the industry along with the factors that are driving and restraining the growth of the global Odour Control System market. In addition, the report provides a qualitative and quantitative data that helps in understanding of the historic, current and future industry scenario. The report provides the detailed analysis of the segment and the factors driving the growth of the segment.

The report provides the value chain analysis, Porters Five analysis, and cost structure analysis that gives an industry outlook. It also provides overview of manufacturing plant of the major companies that covers the location of the manufacturing unit, R&D capacity and supplier of the raw materials.

The global field hockey equipments market report covers insights of the major region North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa, current trend in the region, along with the opportunities that are present for players in the region.

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The global Field hockey equipments report cover the comprehensive mapping of the industry players that are operating in target market along with the player positioning based on their business strengths and product offerings which provides the competitive outlook of the industry.

The report provides the business outlook of the major player with their business overview, product portfolio, revenue by segment and region. It covers a detailed analysis in the key strategies adopted by the players in order to gain a business upfront against other competitors. The report also provides the strategic overview covering the activities of business players such as merger and acquisition, partnerships and agreements that gives an understanding of their current business scenario.

This report focuses on Odour Control System volume and value at global level, regional level and company level. From a global perspective, this report represents overall Odour Control System market size by analyzing historical data and future prospect. Regionally, this report focuses on several key regions: North America, Europe, China and Japan.

At company level, this report focuses on the production capacity, ex-factory price, revenue and market share for each manufacturer covered in this report.

The following manufacturers are covered:
Babcock & Wilcox
CECO
ERG
Anguil Environmental Systems
Evoqua Water Technologies
Scotmas
Ecolab
Tholander Ablufttechnik

Segment by Regions
North America
Europe
China
Japan

Segment by Type
Physical Odour Control
Biological Odour Control
Chemical Odour Control

Segment by Application
Waste Treatment Facilities
Food & Beverage
Pulp & Paper
Chemical & Petrochemical
Others

View Detail Report with Complete Table of Content at: http://www.amecoresearch.com/market-report/global-odour-control-system-market-2019-2026-174968

Table of Contents

Global Odour Control System Market Research Report 2019 to 2026

1 Odour Control System Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Odour Control System
1.2 Odour Control System Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Odour Control System Production Growth Rate Comparison by Type (2014-2025)
1.2.2 Physical Odour Control
1.2.3 Biological Odour Control
1.2.4 Chemical Odour Control
1.3 Odour Control System Segment by Application
1.3.1 Odour Control System Consumption Comparison by Application (2014-2025)
1.3.2 Waste Treatment Facilities
1.3.3 Food & Beverage
1.3.4 Pulp & Paper
1.3.5 Chemical & Petrochemical
1.3.6 Others
1.4 Global Odour Control System Market by Region
1.4.1 Global Odour Control System Market Size Region
1.4.2 North America Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.3 Europe Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.4 China Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.5 Japan Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.5 Global Odour Control System Market Size
1.5.1 Global Odour Control System Revenue (2014-2025)
1.5.2 Global Odour Control System Production (2014-2025)

2 Global Odour Control System Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Odour Control System Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
2.2 Global Odour Control System Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
2.3 Global Odour Control System Average Price by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
2.4 Manufacturers Odour Control System Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types
2.5 Odour Control System Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.5.1 Odour Control System Market Concentration Rate
2.5.2 Odour Control System Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers
2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 Global Odour Control System Production Market Share by Regions
3.1 Global Odour Control System Production Market Share by Regions
3.2 Global Odour Control System Revenue Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
3.3 Global Odour Control System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
3.4 North America Odour Control System Production
3.4.1 North America Odour Control System Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
3.4.2 North America Odour Control System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
3.5 Europe Odour Control System Production
3.5.1 Europe Odour Control System Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
3.5.2 Europe Odour Control System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
3.6 China Odour Control System Production (2014-2019)
3.6.1 China Odour Control System Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
3.6.2 China Odour Control System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
3.7 Japan Odour Control System Production (2014-2019)
3.7.1 Japan Odour Control System Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
3.7.2 Japan Odour Control System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)

4 Global Odour Control System Consumption by Regions
4.1 Global Odour Control System Consumption by Regions
4.2 North America Odour Control System Consumption (2014-2019)
4.3 Europe Odour Control System Consumption (2014-2019)
4.4 China Odour Control System Consumption (2014-2019)
4.5 Japan Odour Control System Consumption (2014-2019)

5 Global Odour Control System Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type
5.1 Global Odour Control System Production Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
5.2 Global Odour Control System Revenue Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
5.3 Global Odour Control System Price by Type (2014-2019)
5.4 Global Odour Control System Production Growth by Type (2014-2019)

6 Global Odour Control System Market Analysis by Applications
6.1 Global Odour Control System Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
6.2 Global Odour Control System Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2014-2019)

7 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Odour Control System Business
7.1 Babcock & Wilcox
7.1.1 Babcock & Wilcox Odour Control System Production Sites and Area Served
7.1.2 Odour Control System Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.1.3 Babcock & Wilcox Odour Control System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
7.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
7.2 CECO
7.2.1 CECO Odour Control System Production Sites and Area Served
7.2.2 Odour Control System Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.2.3 CECO Odour Control System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
7.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
7.3 ERG
7.3.1 ERG Odour Control System Production Sites and Area Served
7.3.2 Odour Control System Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.3.3 ERG Odour Control System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
7.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
7.4 Anguil Environmental Systems
7.4.1 Anguil Environmental Systems Odour Control System Production Sites and Area Served
7.4.2 Odour Control System Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.4.3 Anguil Environmental Systems Odour Control System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
7.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
7.5 Evoqua Water Technologies
7.5.1 Evoqua Water Technologies Odour Control System Production Sites and Area Served
7.5.2 Odour Control System Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.5.3 Evoqua Water Technologies Odour Control System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
7.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
7.6 Scotmas
7.6.1 Scotmas Odour Control System Production Sites and Area Served
7.6.2 Odour Control System Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.6.3 Scotmas Odour Control System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
7.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served
7.7 Ecolab
7.7.1 Ecolab Odour Control System Production Sites and Area Served
7.7.2 Odour Control System Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.7.3 Ecolab Odour Control System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
7.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served
7.8 Tholander Ablufttechnik
7.8.1 Tholander Ablufttechnik Odour Control System Production Sites and Area Served
7.8.2 Odour Control System Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.8.3 Tholander Ablufttechnik Odour Control System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
7.8.4 Main Business and Markets Served

8 Odour Control System Manufacturing Cost Analysis
8.1 Odour Control System Key Raw Materials Analysis
8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Odour Control System
8.4 Odour Control System Industrial Chain Analysis
…..

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The post Odour Control System Market Potential Growth, Share, Demand, Analysis of Key Players and Forecasts to 2019-2026 appeared first on Pharma News Desk.

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